Textile dye stuffs are all colored substances that have the ability to be absorbed by textile absorption and easily removed again. The utilization of natural dyes in general still use dyeing techniques to dye textile materials. Therefore, the research team feels the need to develop the use of natural dye with screen-printing techniques.
This is based on the technique of printing silk screening has popularized so easy to learn besides it will be able to shorten the time of production if used to make batik motif on fabric by the craftsmen. From the results of this study is expected to increase the productivity of the use of natural dyes for batik and handicraft products. Thus, scroll here if you want to know the list of chemicals used in dyeing industry.
According to the source of the textile dye is classified into 2, namely:
- Dyes Substance Tools are dyes derived from natural materials in general from the results of 130% of plants or animals.
- Synthetic Coloring Substances are Artificial color or synthesis made by chemical reactions with coal charcoal or petroleum base material which is derived from aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives such as benzene, naphthalene and anthracene.
In the beginning the process of coloring textiles using natural dyes. However, as advances in technology with the discovery of synthetic dyes for textiles, the more eroded the use of natural dyes. The advantages of synthetic dyes are easier to obtain, the availability of color is assured, the type of color is assorted, and more practical in its use Although today the use of natural dyes has been displaced by the presence of synthetic dyes, but the use of natural dyes is a cultural heritage of ancestors still maintained its existence, especially on the process of batik making and design.
The design of clothing and batik cloth that use natural dyes has a value of sale or a high economic value because it has a distinctive artistic and color value, environmentally friendly so memorable ethnic and exclusive. In this paper we will explain the techniques of exploration of natural dyes from plants around us as an effort to utilize the abundant natural resources as one of the efforts of cultural preservation.
Natural Color Substances for Textile Materials
Natural dyes for textile materials are generally obtained from extracts of various parts of plants such as roots, wood, leaves, seeds or flowers. Batik craftsmen have been familiar with plants that can dye textile materials some of them are:
- leaves of indigo (indofera)
- bark of soga high tree (Ceriops candolleana arn)
- wood tegeran (Cudraina javanensis)
- turmeric (Curcuma)
- tea (Tea)
- Noni root (Morinda citrifelia)
- soga jambal skin (Pelthophorum ferruginum)
- kesumba (Bixa orelana)
- guava leaf (Psidium guajava)
Natural Dyes in Textile Industry
Some examples of natural dyes commonly used for coloring are:
1. Caroten
Produces orange to red. Usually used to dye oil and fat products such as cooking oil and margarine. Can be obtained from carrots, papaya and so on.
2. Biksin
Give yellow color like butter. Biksin is obtained from Bixa orellana tree seeds found in the tropics and is often used to dye butter, margarine, corn oil and salad dressings.
3. Caramel
dark brown and is the result of hydrolysis (breakdown) of carbohydrates, sugar, lactose and malt syrup. Caramel consists of 3 types, namely acid-resistant caramel which is often used for carbonated beverages, liquid caramel for bread and biscuits, and dried caramel.
4. Chlorophyl
produce a green color, obtained from the leaves. Widely used for food. Currently it is even getting used on various healthcare products. Chlorophyll pigment is found in leaves (eg leaves of suji, pandan, katuk and the like). Suji leaves and pandan leaves, katuk leaves as a producer of green color for various types of market snacks. In addition to producing a beautiful green color, also has a distinctive aroma.
5. Antosianin
The causes of red, orange, purple and blue are found in flowers and fruits such as roses, henna, hibiscus, tasbih / kana flowers, chrysanthemums, pelargonium, Chinese daisies, and apples, cherries, grapes, strawberries, as well contained in the mangosteen fruit and sweet potato tubers.
The flower, producing a purplish blue color. Flower star fruit vegetables produce red color. It’s still limited to use natural dyes like anthocyanin pigments to products like juice and milk.
6. Curruminum
Derived from turmeric as one of the kitchen spice as well as giving yellow color to the dishes we make.
In addition to using natural materials, textile dyeing also uses chemicals. Chemicals have become an integral part of our lives, becoming part of our activities especially in the textile industry. Many kinds of chemicals used in the textile industry, these chemicals play an important role in the refinement process.
Chemical Substances in Textile Industry
Here are some list of chemicals used in dyeing industry:
1. Soda Fire (NaOH)
Sodium hydroxide is available in the form of fragments (100% concentrate) or in liquid form with various concentrations.
- Usage in textile industry:
- To control the pH value;
- Fixation of reactive dyes;
- Staining with Indigo and Naphthol;
- The bleaching process with hydrogen peroxide;
- As a kanji-clearing agent;
- Used for the cooking process of cotton, rayon and polyester fabrics;
- Mercerization process on cotton fabrics;
- The process of weight reduction on polyester fabrics;
- Improvement of crepe on cotton fabrics, etc.
TO BE CONTINUED
